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2011-03-31


Green River Killer: River of Death

    Bibliography

    Keppel, Robert (1995). The Riverman. Pocket Books, New York. U.S.A.
    Smith, C. and Guillen, T. (1991). The Search for the Green River Killer. Penguin Books, New York. U.S.A.
    The Seattle Times. "Green River Killings". December 2, 2001.
    McCarthy, Terry (2003). River of Death. TIME magazine. February 27, 2003.
    Seattle news channel KING5 coverage of the Green River Investigation

    Photo Gallery

    Detective Dave Reichert

    Corbis
    Sheriff Dave Reichert, a more recent photo

    Major Richard Kraske

    Criminal Profiler, John Douglas

    Dr. Robert Keppel, Criminal Investigator

    Ted Bundy, notorious serial killer who contributed information to the Green River investigation

    Captain James Pompey, headed the Green River Task Force later in the investigation

    Corbis
    Gary Leon Ridgway, charged with the murder of four of the Green River victims after DNA testing

    AP
    Gary Leon Ridgway, awaiting trial for the murders of four of the Green River victims

    Agisheff & Abernathy, victims

    Antosh & Authorlee, victims

    Avent & Bello, victims

    Bonner & Brockman, victims

    Bush & Buttram, victims

    Chapman & Childers, victims

    Christensen & Coffiel, victims

    Gabbart & Hinds, victims

    Loworn & Malvar, victims

    Mareero & Matthews, victims

    McGinness & Meehan, victims

    Milligan & Mills, victims

    Naon & Nelson, victims

    Osborn & Pitsor, victims

    Plager & Rois, victims

    Sherrill & Alma Smith, victims

    Thomson & Ware, victims

    West & Williams, victims

    Yates, victim


    The Hand of a Killer

    Morehead recounts Judith's long history of neglect and abuse, and how, against this backdrop of trouble, she finally found a happiness with Gary which lasted nearly fourteen years. He knew how to be romantic, and they spent a lot of time together. He was a good provider and seemed sensitive to her needs. Once he was in prison, he wrote many letters of apology to Judith and apparently wished he had made better choices in his life, especially because so much of what he had done had violated her. She did hit bottom, but eventually recovered to face life again and to hope for something better.
    Gary Ridgway
    Gary Ridgway
    Along with photographs of Gary and Judith, and a large collection of Gary's letters, Morehead provides background in the development of graphology. "Prior to writing this book," she said, "I had a consulting business in place, and my specialty was providing personality profiles to employers on job applicants. I also worked with offices for team building issues and I was doing seminars with a dentist friend."
    While the chapters about Judith's life are interesting — especially the one in which she learns the truth about her husband, what's most unique in this book is the point-by-point analysis of Gary Ridgway's handwriting. Morehead says that in order to develop a personality profile, a graphologist will examine many different characteristics of handwriting, including the size, speed, slant, word choice, style, and approach. She found Gary to be organized, reliable, and controlled. His handwriting changed little across the years; despite being married three times and fathering a son, he remained apart from others emotionally. This showed up quite distinctly in his handwriting.
    It's certainly a different approach to understanding the mind of a serial killer, and one that's worth further consideration with others.

    Gary's Wife Breaks Her Silence

    Some time after Gary Ridgway shocked the world with his confession to 48 murders, his third wife, Judith, announced that she would collaborate on a book about him. It was not her intention to "cash in" so much as to let people know that not only had Gary treated her well, he'd been a dream come true. In comparison to the other men with whom she'd been involved (she had previously married a bisexual man), Gary was her hero. She apparently had a positive effect on him as well, because after they married his urge to kill diminished somewhat. Still, he did continue.
    Gary Ridgway
    Gary Ridgway
    Pennie Morehead, an expert on graphology, penned Green River Serial Killer: Biography of an Unsuspecting Wife, concluding it with her own analysis of Ridgway's handwriting. "When I first met Judith Ridgway," she says in the introduction, "she was still clinging to the hope that her husband, the infamous Green River Killer, was innocent." In 2002 Judith and several of her friends hoped a graphology analysis would support their belief that Gary had not committed these crimes. He was then under arrest, but had not yet confessed.
    Pennie Morehead
    Pennie Morehead
    Morehead got the impression that Judith had endured a lot in her life, but to her surprise, Judith's pain proved to have come from prior experiences of abuse. Gary, it turned out, was to her a gentleman, compassionate and caring, so it's little wonder Judith could not imagine him doing the horrendous things to which he ultimately admitted. That alone makes this biography of someone who'd gotten this close to a serial killer worth reading.
    Book cover: Green River Serial Killer: Biography of an Unsuspecting Wife
    Book cover: Green River Serial Killer: Biography of an Unsuspecting Wife
    Once a serial killer is caught, the public tends to believe that anyone close to him — especially a wife — "had to know." In fact, he had actually been questioned by detectives just after he met Judith, but, since he'd been released, she did not suspect. It's difficult to conceive how well psychopaths can compartmentalize and thereby "pass" as normal while still carrying on serial assaults. Yet some can actually be that deceptive. While Gary was only of average intelligence, he was street-smart and had honed his ability to fool others about who he really was.
    Judith Ridgway
    Judith Ridgway
    Despite the stereotype of serial killers as nomadic loners, many have been married or in committed relationships. Few family members of convicted serial killers have been willing to talk in detail, but those who have done so have offered valuable insight into the daily existence of such offenders. Judith, now divorced, not only agreed to participate in a book but has appeared on talk shows to try to describe just how ordinary, even wonderful, her relationship with Gary was. Even so, he did ultimately ruin her life, and she dedicates the book to "those who have had their futures stolen by deceitful lovers."

    Reckoning
    by Marilyn Bardsley

    Gary Leon Ridgway
    Gary Leon Ridgway
    On November 5, 2003, Gary Ridgway, 54, avoided the death penalty in King CountyWashington by confessing to the murders of 48 women, most of whom were murdered in the 1982-84 timeframe.  The deal Ridgway made was to cooperate with authorities on closing these cases in exchange for 48 life sentences without the possibility of parole.  His formal sentencing will occur in January of 2004.
    However, because some of the victims were buried and possibly killed in Oregon and other areas outside King County, Ridgway could face the death penalty in other jurisdictions.
    Families of the victims are angry.  They had been led to believe that the prosecutors would seek the death penalty, but instead, capital punishment was plea bargained away. Also, legal scholars are wondering about whether this case signals the end of the death penalty in Washington State. If a man who premeditatedly murders 48 women doesn't get the death penalty, then who is eligible for it?
    A typical psychopath, Ridgway forgot his victims, had a "hard time keeping them straight," never learned their names, and wrote them off as vicarious thrills, never personalizing them at all. They were throwaways to Ridgway: disposable women.
    "I killed some of them outside. I remember leaving each woman's body in the place where she was found," he said. "I killed most of them in my house near Military Road, and I killed a lot of them in my truck not far from where I picked them up." He claims that they were all killed in King County, hoping that prosecutors outside King County will buy it and not prosecute him.
    Ridgway's contempt for women in general and prostitutes in particular was clear in his plea bargain statement:
    "I picked prostitutes as my victims because I hate most prostitutes and I did not want to pay them for sex. I also picked prostitutes as victims because they were easy to pick up without being noticed. I knew they would not be reported missing right away and might never be reported missing. I picked prostitutes because I thought I could kill as many of them as I wanted without getting caught."
    Ridgway exhibited typical serial killer behavior when he expressed his interest in reliving the murder experience which gave him the sense of empowerment that he lacked in his everyday life. He buried his victims in clusters so that he could drive by and remember the cluster and the pleasure he experienced in the murder of those victims.
    King County officials want to create the impression that this plea bargain brings closure to this case. But, it does not. There is something a bit fishy here: we are led to believe that Ridgway went into a killing frenzy in the 1982-84 period and then stopped completely, until he murdered once more 1990 and then once again in 1998. Unfortunately, that is not usually what happens in the world of a serial killer. They can slow down, especially when there is a great deal of police activity, but not really stop. Are we to believe that he really went so long without killing after 1984 when he killed some 46 women in just a few years? 
    Our expectation is that there are many more victims buried within and outside of King County. It took many years to find the bodies that were part of this plea bargain. It may take many years to find the rest of them. It's not really over yet.

    The Big Break

    In April 2001, almost 20 years after the first known Green River murder, Detective Reichert, who had become the sheriff of King County, began renewed investigations into the murders. It was a case he refused to let go of and he remained determined to find the killer. This time the task force had technology on their side.
    Reichert formed a new task force team initially consisting of six members, including DNA and forensic experts and a couple of detectives. It wasn't long before the force grew to more than 30 people. All the evidence from the murder examination was re-examined and some of the forensic samples were sent to the labs.
    The first samples to be sent to the lab were found with three victims that were murdered between 1982 and 1983, Opal Mills, Marcia Chapman and Carol Christensen. The samples consisted of semen supposedly taken from the killer. The semen samples underwent a newly-developed DNA testing method and were compared with samples taken from Ridgway in April 1987.
    Gary Leon Ridgway
    Gary Leon Ridgway
      
    On September 10, 2001, Reichert received news from the labs that reduced the hardened detective to tears. There was a match found between the semen samples taken from the victims and Ridgway. On November 30, Ridgway was intercepted by investigators on his way home from work and arrested on four counts of aggravated murder.
    The charges included that of the three girls and also Cynthia Hinds, in which circumstantial evidence was also found connecting him with her death. The man that investigators had sought for 20 years was finally in police custody. This time they wouldn't let him go.
    Ridgway, originally born in Salt Lake City, Utah, on February 18, 1949, worked for a computer company at the time of his arrest. During the time of the murders, he was employed as a truck painter for 30 years at the Kentworth truck factory in Renton, Washington. Ridgway owned many trucks during that time, one of which was of special interest to investigators. According to Seattle's KING5 television station, a 1977 black Ford F-150 owned by the suspect, allegedly was connected with some of the victims. Today, the truck remains under investigation.    
    According to Time Magazine's Terry McCarthy, Ridgway had an unusual sexual appetite. His three ex-wives and several old girlfriends told the reporter that he was sexually insatiable, demanding sex several times a day. Often times, he would want to have sex in a public area or in the woods, even in the areas where some of the bodies had been discovered.
    Ridgway was also known to have been obsessed with prostitutes, a fixation that bordered on a love hate relationship. Neighbors knew him to constantly complain about prostitutes conducting business in his neighborhood, but at the same time he frequently took advantages of their favors. It was possible that he was torn by his uncontrollable lusts and his staunch religious beliefs. McCarthy states that according to one of his wives, he became a religious fanatic, often times crying following sermons and reading the bible. 
    Today, evidence continues to be gathered from Ridgway in connection with the Green River murder case. Although he has pleaded not guilty on all counts in the preliminary hearings, it is suspected that evidence will prove otherwise. Ridgway's attorney Tony Savage expects a trial sometime in the year 2004. Prosecutors intend to seek the death penalty. Ridgway remains interned in jail awaiting his fate. Millions around the world wait for one question to be answered: Is Ridgway the only Green River Killer?

    Suspect

    In the beginning months of 1987, investigators had a new suspect in relation to the Green River murders. Previously known to police, the newest suspect had been picked up for attempting to solicit an undercover police officer posing as a prostitute in May 1984. However, the man was released after he successfully passed a lie detector test. When investigators looked deeper into the man's past, they discovered that he had been accused of choking a prostitute in 1980 near the Sea-Tac International Airport. Yet, the man pleaded self-defense after claiming the woman bit him and he was soon after released from police custody.
    One of the task force detectives, Matt Haney, was highly suspicious of this suspect and decided to dive even further into the man's history. He discovered that the police had at one time stopped and questioned the man back in 1982 while he was in his truck with a prostitute. The investigator learned that the prostitute he was with was one of the women on the Green River murder list, Keli McGinness.
    Moreover, the police approached the man again in 1983 in connection with the kidnapping of murder victim Marie Malvar. A witness, Malvar's boyfriend followed the truck to the suspect's house after recognizing it as the one that he last saw his girlfriend in. Haney believed he might be on to the Green River Killer.
    Haney learned from the man's ex-wife that he often frequented the dumpsites, where many of the bodies had been discovered. Also, several prostitutes claimed to have seen a man matching the suspect's description regularly cruising the strip between 1982 and 1983. It turned out that the man passed the strip almost daily on his way to work. Some of the most damaging evidence discovered was that the man, who worked as a truck painter, was found to have been absent or off duty on every occasion a victim disappeared.
    Finally, on April 8, 1987, the police obtained a warrant and searched the man's house. According to the Seattle Times, the police also took "bodily samples" of the suspect so that they could compare them with the evidence they had from the Green River victims. However, there was insufficient evidence to arrest him and the man was released from police custody. The suspect was identified as Gary Ridgway.
    Several weeks following Ridgway's release, Captain Pompey died from a massive heart attack related to a scuba-diving accident. The unfortunate event was picked up by the media and sensationalized. It was suggested that the Green River Killer was actually a police officer that murdered Pompey, regardless of the fact that there was absolutely no substantiating evidence to support the theory. One newspaper even called for an official investigation into the death of Pompey. It seemed as if the public's nerves had become raw after so much death in the city.
    The task force, which was now led by a Captain Greg Boyle, was called once again in June. Three boys stumbled across the partially buried skeletal remains of a young woman, while searching for aluminum cans. The girl, who was identified as Cindy Ann Smith, 17, was found in a ravine behind the Green River Community College. She had been missing for approximately three years before her discovery.
    Debra Estes
    Debra Estes
      
    More bodies of missing young women were discovered in the year that followed. Some of which included, that of missing runaway Debbie Gonzales, 14, and Debra Estes, 15, who disappeared six years earlier. Their deaths were attributed to the Green River Killer. Although there were still bodies being discovered, there were no recent killings attributed to the Green River Killer in the Seattle region.
    In 1988, the discovery of more than 20 bodies of prostitutes in San Diego led to the belief that the Green River Killer moved and continued his murderous rampage in California. Detective Reichert and the new task force commander Bob Evans temporarily joined forces with the San Diego police department in an effort to find the killer. In December 1988, investigators had a new suspect.
    A man named William J. Stevens caught the attention of the police after several callers phoned him in as a potential suspect during the airing of the popular true crime detective show "Crime Stoppers." Stevens was a prison escapee who was on the run for eight years, after a two-year stint behind bars for burglary. At the time he was rediscovered by police, he was enrolled at the University of Washington as a pharmacology student.
    As task force investigators delved into Stevens' past, they learned that he was already a suspect in the Green River killings. It was also learned that Stevens had a blatant contempt for prostitutes and was known to have on several occasions talked about murdering them. When police searched his home they found masses of firearms, several drivers licenses, credit cards in assumed names and sexually explicit nude photos of prostitutes. Stevens was highly involved in robbery and credit card fraud, which he used to survive.
    Task force investigators exhaustively interviewed Stevens about the Green River murders and searched the premises of his home throughout the summer and fall of 1989. Investigators even searched Stevens' father's home for clues tying him to any of the murders. However, nothing was found linking him to the murders.
    Moreover, credit card records and photographs produced by Stevens' brother provided a tight alibi against his involvement with the crimes. According to the numerous records and receipts, Stevens was traveling across the country during the summer months of 1982, when many of the murders occurred. Eventually, Stevens was cleared of all involvement in the Green River murders.
    Andrea Childers and Denise Bush
    Andrea Childers and Denise Bush, victim
     
    In October 1989, two more skeletal remains of young women were found. One of the victims, identified as Andrea Childers, was found in a vacant lot near Star Lake and 55th Ave. South. Like many of the young women found before her, the cause of death remained unclear due to the state of decomposition. In early February 1990, the skull of Denise Bush was found in a wooded area in Southgate Park in Tukwila, Washington. The remainder of Bush's body was located in Oregon five years earlier.
    Once again, it seemed as if the killer was purposely moving the bones around in an effort to confuse investigators. Task force investigators were beginning to believe that the killer had defeated them. Morale among the officers was at an all-time low. 
    According to the Seattle Times, in July 1991 the task force was reduced to just one investigator named Tom Jensen. After nine years, roughly 49 victims and $15 million dollars, the task force still had not caught the Green River Killer. The investigation became known as the country's largest unsolved murder case. The case remained dormant for 10 years.